Desapenari.id – JAKARTA. Pengusaha Nikel RI Waspadai Dampak Kebijakan Pelarangan Ekspor Nikel Filipina. Para pengusaha nikel di Indonesia mulai bersiap menghadapi dampak kebijakan pelarangan ekspor nikel yang rencananya akan diterapkan oleh Filipina. Sebelumnya, Kontan memberitakan bahwa laporan Bloomberg pada Jumat, 7 Februari 2025, mengungkapkan bahwa Pemerintah Filipina sedang menyusun Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) untuk melarang ekspor mineral mentah, termasuk nikel. RUU tersebut ditargetkan berlaku mulai Juni 2025.
Ketua Umum Forum Industri Nikel Indonesia (FINI), Arif Perdana Kusumah, menyatakan bahwa FINI telah memantau informasi terkait rencana tersebut melalui berbagai pemberitaan. Menurutnya, Pemerintah Filipina mengambil langkah ini untuk mendorong pengembangan industri hilir pertambangan, termasuk memacu perusahaan tambang membangun pabrik pengolahan dan pemurnian (smelter).
“FINI saat ini terus memonitor perkembangan isu tersebut dan masih menganalisis detail dampak kebijakan Pemerintah Filipina,” jelas Arif kepada Kontan, Rabu (7/5).
Arif menekankan pentingnya mengantisipasi dampak kebijakan ini, termasuk terhadap pasokan nikel global, kenaikan harga, dan pengaruhnya di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah Indonesia dan pelaku industri harus segera mengambil langkah strategis.
Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), dalam periode 11 bulan (Januari-November 2024), Indonesia mengimpor 10,29 miliar kg atau setara 10,26 juta ton bijih nikel dan konsentrat. Nilai impornya mencapai US$ 451,9 juta dengan perhitungan Cost, Insurance, and Freight (CIF).
Filipina menjadi pemasok utama, menyumbang 10 miliar kg atau sekitar 10 juta ton bijih nikel dan konsentrat dengan nilai CIF US$ 436,85 juta. Angka ini jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan impor nikel Indonesia sepanjang 2023 yang hanya 1,26 juta ton.
Menyikapi kebijakan Filipina, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) menyatakan akan melakukan kajian mendalam terkait dampaknya terhadap industri nikel dalam negeri.
“Kalau dampaknya, kita memang mengimpor nikel dari Filipina. Dirjen Minerba ESDM Tri Winarno menyatakan, “Kami segera analisis dampak pelarangan ekspor nikel Filipina.” Ia menyampaikan hal tersebut saat konferensi pers di kantor Kementerian ESDM, Jumat (9/2).
Larangan ekspor nikel dari Filipina sebagai produsen terbesar kedua dunia pasti mengacaukan pasokan global. Kondisi ini berpotensi mendorong kenaikan harga, termasuk harga nikel di Indonesia.
Analisis Dampak terhadap Industri Nikel Indonesia
Pertama, kebijakan Filipina dapat memicu kelangkaan pasokan nikel di pasar global. Selama ini, Indonesia dan Filipina menjadi dua pemasok utama bijih nikel dunia. Jika salah satunya menghentikan ekspor, harga komoditas ini berpeluang melonjak.
Kedua, industri smelter dalam negeri mungkin menghadapi tantangan pasokan bahan baku. Meski Indonesia kaya akan nikel, sebagian smelter masih mengandalkan impor bijih nikel kadar rendah dari Filipina untuk efisiensi produksi.
Pemerintah harus segera mempercepat pembangunan smelter dan mencari sumber bahan baku alternatif guna mengurangi ketergantungan impor serta memaksimalkan pemanfaatan cadangan nikel dalam negeri.
Langkah Antisipasi Pemerintah dan Pelaku Industri
Pemerintah Indonesia harus segera menyusun strategi jangka pendek dan panjang. Dalam jangka pendek, Kementerian ESDM bisa memperluas izin tambang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan smelter.
Di sisi lain, pelaku industri harus meningkatkan efisiensi dan mencari alternatif pasokan. Kolaborasi antara pemerintah, asosiasi, dan perusahaan tambang menjadi kunci untuk menghadapi gejolak pasar global.
Dengan langkah-langkah tersebut, Indonesia dapat meminimalkan dampak negatif sekaligus memanfaatkan peluang kenaikan harga nikel di pasar internasional.


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