JAKARTA, desapenari.id – Nama Perjanjian Helsinki kembali mencuat ke permukaan setelah muncul polemik empat pulau antara Pemerintah Provinsi Aceh dan Sumatera Utara (Sumut). Mantan Wakil Presiden RI ke-10 dan ke-12, Jusuf Kalla (JK), secara tegas mengaitkan perjanjian ini dengan sengketa wilayah Pulau Panjang, Pulau Lipan, Pulau Mangkir Kecil, dan Pulau Mangkir Besar.
Dalam wawancara eksklusif di kediamannya, Jakarta Selatan, Jumat (13/6/2025), JK menjelaskan bahwa Perjanjian Helsinki secara jelas mengatur batas wilayah Aceh berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 1956. “Banyak yang bertanya soal MoU Helsinki, jadi saya tunjukkan langsung isinya. Poin 1.1.4 menyatakan, ‘Perbatasan Aceh merujuk pada batas 1 Juli 1956’. Jadi, kesepakatan damai itu mengacu ke situ,” tegasnya.
Ia menambahkan, UU tersebutlah yang secara resmi menetapkan Provinsi Aceh beserta kabupaten-kabupaten di dalamnya. “Ini sudah final,” ucap JK.
Baca juga UU 24/1956: Cakupan Wilayah Aceh Menurut JK! Ini Faktanya
Lalu, Apa Sebenarnya Perjanjian Helsinki?
Dilansir dari Kompas.com (29/7/2021) melaporkan bahwa Pemerintah Indonesia dan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) menandatangani Perjanjian Helsinki sebagai kesepakatan damai pada 15 Agustus 2005. Sebelumnya, GAM adalah kelompok separatis yang berjuang memisahkan Aceh dari NKRI sejak 1976.
Hasan di Tiro memimpin konflik bersenjata yang menewaskan ribuan orang selama hampir 30 tahun. Akhirnya, setelah melalui perundingan alot di Helsinki, Finlandia, kedua belah pihak sepakat mengakhiri permusuhan.
Pemerintah Indonesia mengirim delegasi yang terdiri dari Menteri Hukum dan HAM Hamid Awaluddin, Sofyan A. Djalil, Farid Husain, Usman Basyah, dan I Gusti Wesaka Pudja. Djalil, Farid Husain, Usman Basyah, dan I Gusti Wesaka Pudja. Sementara dari pihak GAM hadir Malik Mahmud, Zaini Abdullah, M Nur Djuli, Nurdin Abdul Rahman, dan Bachtiar Abdullah.
Proses Panjang Menuju Perdamaian
Perundingan ini tidak instan—butuh lima putaran sejak 27 Januari hingga 15 Agustus 2005. Pemerintah Indonesia memberikan otonomi khusus kepada Aceh yang kemudian mereka tuangkan dalam UU No. 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh.
MoU Helsinki terdiri dari enam bagian utama:
- Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan di Aceh – Aceh diberi kewenangan lebih luas.
- Hak Asasi Manusia – Perlindungan HAM menjadi prioritas.
- Amnesti dan Reintegrasi – Mantan anggota GAM diajak kembali ke masyarakat.
- Pengaturan Keamanan – Penarikan pasukan dan penghentian kekerasan.
- Misi Monitoring Aceh – Dibentuk tim pengawas perdamaian.
- Penyelesaian Perselisihan – Mekanisme hukum untuk sengketa.
Isi Penting MoU Helsinki
Dalam dokumen tersebut, tertulis jelas komitmen kedua pihak:
“Pemerintah RI dan GAM bertekad menyelesaikan konflik Aceh secara damai, terhormat, dan berkelanjutan dalam bingkai NKRI.”
“Pembangunan pasca-tsunami 2004 hanya bisa sukses jika konflik berakhir.”
“Nota Kesepahaman ini menjadi panduan transformasi Aceh menuju perdamaian.”
Referensi:
Bhakti, Ikrar Nusa. (2008). Beranda Perdamaian: Aceh Tiga Tahun Pasca MoU Helsinki. Jakarta: P2P LIPI & Pustaka Pelajar.
Isu empat pulau ini memicu debat sengit, dan JK menggunakan Perjanjian Helsinki sebagai landasan hukum. Ia menegaskan, aturan batas wilayah harus merujuk ke UU 1956, bukan keputusan sepihak
Dengan demikian, semua pihak kini menguji kembali perdamaian Aceh yang mereka raih dengan susah payah. Kita pun patut bertanya: Akankah polemik ini memicu ketegangan baru, atau justru kedua provinsi bisa menyelesaikannya dengan semangat Helsinki?
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Metodos principales de equilibrado
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